Composite railing is similar to composite decking in that the main structure is composed of composite material (resin, silica, recycled content, and wood fillers), and the rails and balusters often have a plastic/vinyl/PVC shell for protection and to add color or texture.
Manufacturers like Green Bay Decking manufacture composite railings with no exterior shell, just solid composite material. Trex, TimberTech, and Fiberon all manufacture capped composite railings and some all-vinyl components, with options for composite, aluminum, or cable balusters or infill kits.